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ansible学习之十:Error Handling In Playbooks
Jul 21, 2014 • ansible
这节讲如何控制playbook的执行流,记得前面说过playbook和模板文件中可以使用jinja2
语法么,这节就会大量用到了。
首先,要讲下setup
这个模块,作用类似salt的grains
,用于获取远程服务器的信息(以一个字典返回),这些获取到的信息在template
模块定义的模板文件和playbook文件中可以直接使用,该模块获取的结果又叫facts
:
$ ansible 127.0.0.1 -m setup
127.0.0.1 | success >> {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"192.168.1.5"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::a00:27ff:fead:a141"
],
"ansible_architecture": "i386",
"ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006",
"ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
"KEYTABLE": "us",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"SYSFONT": "latarcyrheb-sun16",
"quiet": true,
"rd_NO_DM": true,
"rd_NO_LUKS": true,
"rd_NO_LVM": true,
"rd_NO_MD": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=ebfa916e-fc91-4f0e-bb2d-7f7c4e48aeca"
},
...
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "i386",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "32",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
"ansible_virtualization_type": "virtualbox",
"module_setup": true
},
"changed": false
}
在模板文件中通过{{ var }}
来使用这些获取到的信息,假如我有一个模板文件os.j2
:
{% if ansible_distribution == "FreeBSD" %}
FreeBSD
{% elif ansible_distribution == "CentOS" %}
CentOS
{% endif %}
hostname: {{ ansible_hostname }}
when语句的作用是只有匹配指定条件,才执行task,when后面使用jinja2
的表达方式
例子:只关闭操作系统为Debian
的服务器
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: "shutdown Debian flavored systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now #只有Debian系统才会执行该command
when: ansible_os_family == "Debian" #这里ansible_os_family变量就是通过setup模块获取的
jiaja2模板的过滤器也可以使用,ansible也提供了一些自己的过滤器:
tasks:
- name: test
shell: ps aux|grep nginx|grep -v grep|wc -l
register: cmd_result
failed_when: cmd_result.stdout|int == 0 #使用jinja2的"int"过滤器
- command: /bin/false
register: result
ignore_errors: True #忽略该task的错误
- command: /bin/something
when: result|failed #通过结果判断上一个task如果执行失败,则执行该task
- command: /bin/something_else
when: result|success #通过结果判断上一个task如果执行成功,则执行该task
- command: /bin/still/something_else
when: result|skipped
自定义变量:
vars:
epic: true
tasks:
- shell: echo "I've got '{{ epic }}' and am not afraid to use it!"
when: epic is defined #变量已定义
- fail: msg="Bailing out: this play requires 'epic'"
when: epic is not defined #变量未定义
- shell: echo "This certainly is epic!"
when: epic #变量值为真
- shell: echo "This certainly isn't epic!"
when: not epic #变量值为假
当when用于循环中时,是对列表中的每一项都进行检查:
tasks:
- command: echo {{ item }}
with_items: [ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]
when: item > 5
在roles
和include
中使用when指令,when不能用在包含一个playbook文件上,且当包含一个task文件时,会对task文件中的每个task都会使用一次when判断:
- hosts: all
tasks:
- include: tasks/sometasks.yml
when: "'reticulating splines' in output"
roles:
- { role: debian_stock_config, when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian' } #首先判断远程主机是否是Debian,是的话才会导入这个role
当执行这个play的时候,输出中可能会出现很多的skipped
,这些就是经过when的条件判断不符合,跳过执行的输出。
条件导入:
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars_files: #用于导入变量文件
- [ "vars/{{ ansible_os_family }}.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
tasks:
- name: make sure apache is running
service: name={{ apache }} state=running
根据不同的系统导入不同变量文件,如果是CentOS系统则首先导入vars/CentOS.yml
文件(Debian系统则会首先导入vars/Debian.yml
),如果该文件不存在则导入vars/os_defaults.yml
文件,如果两个文件都不存在则生成一个错误,vars/CentOS.yml
文件内容如下:
---
# for vars/CentOS.yml
apache: httpd
somethingelse: 42
基于变量选择文件或模板:
- name: template a file
template: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/myapp/foo.conf
with_first_found:
- files:
- {{ ansible_distribution }}.conf #CentOS系统会使用CentOS.conf文件,Debian系统会使用Debian.conf文件
- default.conf
paths:
- search_location_one/somedir/
- /opt/other_location/somedir/
register
用于注册一个变量,保存命令的结果(shell或command模块),这个变量可以在后面的task
、when
语句或模板文件中使用,该指令用在循环中会有不同,请看ansible学习之八:Loops中关于register
的讲解
- shell: /bin/pwd
register: pwd_result
此时变量pwd_result
的结果为:
{
u'changed': True,
u'end': u'2014-02-23 12:02:51.982893',
u'cmd': [u'/bin/pwd'],
u'start': u'2014-02-23 12:02:51.980191',
u'delta': u'0:00:00.002702',
u'stderr': u'',
u'rc': 0, #这个就是命令返回状态,非0表示执行失败
'invocation': {'module_name': 'command', 'module_args': '/bin/pwd'},
u'stdout': u'/home/sapser', #以一个字符串保存命令结果
'stdout_lines': [u'/home/sapser'] #以列表保存命令结果
}
在随后的task中使用该变量:
- debug: msg="{{pwd_result}}"
when: pwd_result.rc == 0
循环处理命令结果:
- name: registered variable usage as a with_items list
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: retrieve the list of home directories
command: ls /home
register: home_dirs
- name: add home dirs to the backup spooler
file: path=/mnt/bkspool/{{ item }} src=/home/{{ item }} state=link
with_items: home_dirs.stdout_lines #等同于with_items: home_dirs.stdout.split()